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Γλυκό νερό - Γενικά Οτι δεν εμπίπτει στις εξειδικευμένες κατηγορίες. |
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Εργαλεία Θεμάτων | Τρόποι εμφάνισης |
#11
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![]() Παράθεση:
Probiotics, predatory bacteria, and bacteria phages Some hobbyists have been experimenting with adding cultures of non-pathogenic bacteria to their aquarium in an attempt to out compete pathogenic bacteria and reverse RTN. Probiotic application of cultured bacteria for controlling the populations of other bacteria might thus become a maintenance procedure of value for reef aquariums. In another variation of this idea, Stolp and Starr (1963), Shilo (1966), Shilo and Bruff (1965) describe the bacteriolytic effects of the bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Aquarium author Frank deGraaf (196 ![]() The aforementioned problem with stony corals being attacked as if they were a foreign body (a so-called immune response) may be caused by the loss of protective bacteria fauna on the coral surface due to a virus. Bacteriaphages, as such viruses are called, may target specific bacteria fauna normally living on a coral’s mucus, resulting in a reduced resistance to other sorts of bacteria that can then invade the cleaned space. They may also be directly involved in triggering the virulence of some bacteria. Bacteriaphages are extremely abundant in the ocean. The average milliliter of seawater contains over 50 million of them (Fuhrman, 1999)! No study has been undertaken to look at what happens to them in aquaria. Viruses may also play a role in various coral diseases, and their presence in aquaria has not been studied. Wilson et al. (2005) observed virus like particles (VLPs) in zooxanthellae and host coral tissue. They noted that tissues from heat shocked corals had abundant VLPs spread throughout the sections, while in controls that were not heat shocked the VLPs were more difficult to find. They have a working hypothesis that temperature shock induces latent viruses in zooxanthellae. Furthermore, the authors note a morphological diversity of VLPs, suggesting that a wide variety of viruses may infect corals and zooxanthellae. These observations may support the hypothesis regarding bacteriaphages, and it may also point to other viral controlled conditions affecting corals in nature and in captivity. It is really hard to summarize all of the directions I have taken with this article! Since the potential causes of old tank syndrome are many, it is an area that is ripe for research. From a more practical application for aquarium hobbyists, the ideas about maintenance and disease issues presented here are intended to give an aquarist some checkpoints to rule out.'' πηγη.΄http://www.google.gr/url?sa=t&rct=j&...2TXajg&cad=rja
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